The article investigates the social unevenness of the complex livelihood transformations generated by largescale mining in Peru. Drawing on research undertaken in a caserío located in the area of influence of the Pierina gold mine, I explore the significance of gender and age in shaping how residents have experienced the impacts and opportunities of extraction. In a context in which opportunities to directly benefit from the new mining economy have been available primarily to working-aged men, the evidence suggests that women and older residents have experienced the negative effects of mine construction on their traditional agro-pastoral practices especially acutely. These findings underscore the need to more thoroughly examine the ramifications of mining for the more vulnerable segments of Andean society.

The article investigates the social unevenness of the complex livelihood transformations generated by largescale mining in Peru. Drawing on research undertaken in a caserío located in the area of influence of the Pierina gold mine, I explore the significance of gender and age in shaping how residents have experienced the impacts and opportunities of extraction. In a context in which opportunities to directly benefit from the new mining economy have been available primarily to working-aged men, the evidence suggests that women and older residents have experienced the negative effects of mine construction on their traditional agro-pastoral practices especially acutely. These findings underscore the need to more thoroughly examine the ramifications of mining for the more vulnerable segments of Andean society.