The article aims to describe some optimization problems and their application in managerial and financial decision-making at organizations. This description is made from two approaches, first from the perspective of data analysis, where we see that these types of problems are in the stage of prescriptive analysis and, secondly, from a more formal or mathematical perspective where we see that they are part of the branch of analytical models. This type of analytical model can be proposed through three basic components: a target variable, decision or control variables and constraints. In this context, various application cases are reviewed and, finally, we will explain with a simple example, the use of the Solver function of Excel for the resolution of this type of problems through the simplex method.