Toxocariasis, a zoonotic parasitic infection primarily caused by Toxocara canis and T. cati, remains a neglected yet widespread public health issue in Latin America. This comprehensive review explores its biological, clinical, epidemiological, and socio-economic dimensions, emphasizing the disease’s underrecognition in endemic areas. Transmission occurs through accidental ingestion of embryonated eggs from contaminated environments, particularly affecting children in low-income settings. In humans, larvae migrate aberrantly, causing visceral, ocular, and neurological syndromes with substantial morbidity. The burden is compounded by limited diagnostic infrastructure, inconsistent access to antiparasitic therapy, and inadequate veterinary and environmental controls. High seroprevalence and environmental contamination rates are reported across Latin America, yet toxocariasis is absent fro...