The study aimed to analyze the worldviews of three cultures from Abya Yala: the Aymara, Mapuche, and Mayan. These worldviews have survived to the present day and demonstrate alternative ways of relating to nature, which constitute a logic distinct from mercantilist and anthropocentric visions. It also seeks to review the logic behind modernity and contrast it with the worldviews of nature of the three cultures mentioned. The methodology employed is a qualitative, documentary approach. According to the dynamics of progress and development inherent to capitalism, nature has been conceived as a source of resources whose exploitation is justified by economic growth. In this context, human beings appear as superior entities alienated from the natural world. This is different from the perspectives present in the knowledge of some indigenous peoples. The findings revealed that the documented cu...