A review of the cases diagnosed as having megaloblastic anemia (n=70), in the last five years at the Hospital Nacional Daniel A. Carrion, is presented. Results: We found the following clinical diagnosis: pallor (80%), apathy (60%), diarrhea (51%), dyspnea (48.4%), weight loss (34.2%), epigastralgia (28%), edema and/or ascitis (22.8%), and neurological symptoms (11.4%). Among the associated entities, there were diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract (51.4% of which were demonstrated endoscopically); alcoholism was present in 25.7%, whereas in 14.2% of cases there was no another concomitant disease. All of our patients developed anemia with a low reticulocite count, and had Marrow Production Index (MPI) values 1.0. 88.57% of patients had MPI values lower than 0,5 and 43% had MPI values between 0.6 and 0.9. Most of patients showed pancytopenia (45.78%), whereas 42.78% of cases had dec...