The literature shows multiple bibliometric studies on business models across various sectors; however, little attention has been paid to the systematic analysis of academic production in tourism entrepreneurship. The business model in these ventures is a complex process involving sustainable practices and exchanging knowledge and resources within the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Entrepreneurs in tourism often have limited management and organisational capabilities due to an insufficient understanding of the components of business models and their interrelationships in fostering innovation and sustainability. This paper aimed to analyse the lack of unified definitions regarding business models in tourism entrepreneurship and provide guidelines for developing new models and managing existing ones. Through an analysis of 71 articles published between 2000 and 2022, 14 key components were iden...

The situation of the production of cocoa in the province of Manabi (Ecuador) is presented, together with its development possibilities with the introduction of a sustainable cultural revaluation policy. Cocoa producers generally carry out their activities in rural areas and urban peripheries where living conditions are often precarious; each productive unit (farm) has an approximately extension of five hectares, and 90% of their maintenance is carried out by the family. The objective of this research was to identify the different groups of producers, based on their motivations, for the production of cocoa in the north central area of Manabi, Ecuador. The work comprised two stages: (1) exploratory, where data from official bodies was processed on the ARC GIS software; (2) field work, in which a Likert scale questionnaire was used. The sample is made up of 196 cocoa producers. The research...