The association of hyperthyroidism and pregnancy is rare. Its importance resides in the prognosis of mother and fetus. The recognition of thyroid alterations during pregnancy differs from the general population; in this special group, it is necessary to correlate diagnostic tests and normal physiological changes. The main cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves disease, with its autoimmune component. Transient gestational thyrotoxicosis becomes important during pregnancy and is critical in the differential diagnosis, especially during the first trimester. Management of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy has special implications; first-line therapies are contraindicated, and antithyroid drugs become relevant. No therapy is completely safe during pregnancy; possible adverse effects and mother and fetus implications must be evaluated. In this review, we want to consider the physiological changes i...

Ricketts is a rare bone disease associated with low serum levels of calcium and phosphate. Most of the cases occur as a consequence of nutritional deficits, but genetic mutations or acquired metabolic defects may account for it. Clinical presentation is heterogenous depending on age at presentation, manifesting as widening and retardation of mineralization of the growing bone plate. We present the case of a 11 month of age child with a history of recurrent pneumonia presenting with generalized muscle hypotonia, deformed chest and bowed extremities with hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia, elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone, high levels of 25-hidroxy-vitamine D3 and very low levels of 1,25-dihidroxy-vitamine D3 suggesting the diagnosis of severe vitamin D type 1A rickets, a rare form of this disease.