One is as old as the discovery of the Americas, empirical observation refers to the custom of the Andean Indians chew coca leaves (Erythroxilon coca) in order to prevent hunger and avoid fatigue. It is difficult to consider this interesting fact from an experimental point of view, since the physiological mechanisms related to the phenomena of hunger and fatigue are complicated. Cocaine, the active ingredient of coca leaves (Gardekem 1855), is probably the substance responsible for the effects noted.

Contamination by non-biodegradable solid waste is worrying, mainly due to PET and glass waste, because they are used for single use such as bottles or containers. In addition, global production in 2021 of these materials was 139 million tons and 23.4 million tons, respectively. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop an efficient design of bricks composed of cement, PET plastic and glass, evaluating both their physical properties and their mechanical properties to reduce said waste. For this, 4 mixtures based on cement, sand and glass were designed with proportions of 1:2:0.5 and 1:2:1. In addition, 5% and 10% PET were incorporated into these proportions. It should be noted that the PET was ground to a size of 0.2 cm and the glass was ground to a size of 2 cm. The tests carried out show that the 1:2:0.5 dosage with 10% PET is the most efficient, since it obtained a compre...

This paper explores the use of recycled ground glass as a partial substitute for sand in concrete mixtures, aiming to enhance its mechanical properties, specifically compressive strength. Mixtures with glass replacements of 15%, 20%, and 25% were developed and tested, evaluating their performance at 7, 14, and 28 days. Experimental results indicate that using 15% ground glass increases compressive strength by 4.91% compared to standard concrete and improves workability without significantly affecting cohesion. In contrast, higher glass percentages increase the mixture's porosity, reducing its density and strength. Furthermore, the economic analysis shows a cost reduction of up to 1.94% with this optimal proportion. The research concludes that incorporating ground glass is a sustainable and economically viable alternative, as it promotes waste reuse and reduces the demand for natural sand...

The low resistance to compression and flexural of conventional earth techniques such as adobe in the occurrence of earthquakes causes the immediate collapse or failure of structures built with this material. These deficiencies are caused by the lack of stabilization and reinforcement processes of the block, which causes low mechanical performance in the face of seismic forces. The most common structures to collapse during earthquakes in developing countries such as Peru are the self-built adobe rural houses, being the most used in these areas due to the high housing deficit and the high demand for low-cost housing. One solution to this problem is the use of reinforced CEB in rural housing. In the present investigation some properties such as absorption, compressive strength and flexural strength are studied, the results indicate that the compressive strength and flexural strength increas...

The ever-growing global production of glass generates high waste percentages, the vast majority of which does not get recycled hence increasing the concern on its environmental impact. Studies on the pozzolanic properties of glass powder emerged as a solution to the abundance of waste glass powder available and its insufficient recycling. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence 10%,15% and 20% of waste soda-lime glass powder as partial cement replacement; fresh concrete tests were carried out, as well as compression strength tests at 28 days on grade 280 kg/cm2 concrete produced with pozzolanic cement. Tests results show an insignificant reduction of slump on the concrete mixes, an increase of air content and a decrease in density and compressive strength resistance with increasing glass powder substitution.

During recent years, the rapid growth of the population in urban areas has promoted the development of housing, roads, shopping centres and industries; having increased the consumption of tap water in the concrete industry. A solution to this problem, is to use domestic wastewater treated, due to the large quantities produced and the need to include them within the life cycle of the water; thus bridging the gap of service in urban and rural areas. The present research seeks to use the domestic wastewater treated in the production of concrete for construction; the results show slightly for the slump, initial setting time and splitting tensile increase, and that the resistance to compression and flexural is decreased.