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Editorial

Editorial

Recalling the teacher

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Brazil's participation and influence in Latin American integration and in the synchronization of the economic cycle is studied in another section. Also of particular relevance is the analysis of the PISA test in the country, addressing the various factors behind school performance. Little has been studied about the financial crisis and the handicraft sector. In this regard, the article referred to presents a vision that combines the internal impacts and from specific settlements in this sector. A reflection, based on the author's experience, on the relevance of the sample size is added to the referred texts. Finally, our guest discusses a topic that has not ceased to be common in the region's policies: the effects of lower labor costs on employment.

If we were to find a common thread in these apparently scattered articles, the impact of the economic growth experienced by the country during most of the decade that is coming to an end would come to light; the authors want to feel this process and take pains to show the risks it poses to equity and the very viability of development. In the international recessionary crisis, which seems to have subsided but has certainly not been overcome, it is urgent to draw lessons from the previous period in order to take advantage of these new circumstances to redesign current policies.

As in previous issues, our professors ratify in their articles their desire to contribute through research to a better understanding and solution of the difficulties that the economy must solve in order to improve the living conditions of Peruvians.

If we intend to take a big look at the Peruvian University, UNI and scientific and technological research, we must try to join some points that fate and opportunity have placed at our disposal to try to reflect on them, with the purpose of initiating a deep reflection on what should be the new path of the IECOS Journal in the new stage of its existence that begins and our participation in the organs of the Faculty and UNI.

This issue of the journal iecos includes research articles covering various dimensions of social, economic and political reality. In this way, the FIEECS Research Institute contributes to the national debate by presenting reflections based on evidence and with a diversity of approaches that is a constitutive part of the University's work.

This 12th issue of the IECOS Magazine presents new angles from which we can observe some symptoms that seem to alert us to the process of flagrant deterioration and wear that the Peruvian university has been experiencing since the mid-sixteenth century, when the first university in the American continent was created in Lima, more than one hundred years before the creation of Harvard University. Nevertheless, the principles that supported the independence of the United States of America appeared on the Latin American horizon together with the teachings of the French Revolution and the new liberal and humanist philosophy that consecrated equality and fraternity among men, and the development of science and technology (which were favored by the maturation process of mathematics, physics and chemistry), within the framework of Christian morality that with the advent of democracy would become...

The articles published on this occasion have an evident analytical and critical vocation with respect to the Peruvian reality, without neglecting academic rigor. Therefore, we invite the reader to take these proposals with the intention of discussing, accurately describing, diagnosing and proposing alternatives. The topics presented in this issue of IECOS magazine want to clarify the process of economic growth and development, proposing to address its shortcomings. Whether due to the absence of a territorial development policy, obstacles to decent work, or the difficulties inherent in the analysis of power transmission, our authors always want to face these limits and propose alternatives.

Everything indicates that "utopia" is a construction of the spirit, which responds to visions of ethical foundation that arouse active ideologies, stimulating and inspiring images of concrete actions, capable of modifying the existing reality. Utopia, when inscribed within certain coordinates of time and space, implies, on the one hand, the will to transcend the existing and present towards a better and possible world. On the other hand, it implies an evasion of the present and a critique of it, comparing it with what could be and with what we long for. Utopia, thus conceived, is a rational system that incorporates everything created in the material sphere, in the living reality and in the intangible reality.

The present number 10 of the !ECOS Journal offers the reader four studies that examine various problems of economic growth and one on the recent municipal elections, thus reflecting the interest of the academic community in two key aspects of the current Peruvian reality, since there is no doubt that economic growth presents restrictions that must be overcome, and on the other hand, the construction of a society of citizens makes it necessary to examine the circumstances of our electoral processes.

Societies that did not take this assertion into account, vegetate today within precarious productivist schemes and erratic cultural formats. Any country that has not made knowledge the basis for its development is condemned to dependency and underdevelopment. Therefore, the production of knowledge, based on research and experimental development, should be the most valuable area in the management of our university and our faculty.

We begin 2017 with a new issue of the Journal of the Institute of Economic and Social Research (IECOS) with the experience acquired over several years of intellectual development and inquiries into the national economic reality, preserving the interest in contributing useful interpretations to the country's problems in the different areas in which the economic, statistical and social approach is present. Any research journal should be a means of expansion and transfer of knowledge acquired in the university classrooms. In this sense, it is also a bridge that allows communicating to the outside world the development and accumulation of systematic thought derived from previous research, opening the way to a context of ideas and debates in which we should all feel part of in order to contribute to the advancement of scientific culture.

In Peru, during the year 2022, total exports reached USD 63,193 million. Of this sum, only approximately 3% (USD 1,200 million) corresponded to exports of services and technological products, an insignificant figure compared to traditional products such as minerals and agricultural products. These data, provided by entities such as PROMPERÚ and the Central Reserve Bank of Peru (BCRP), highlight the predominance of the primary export model and largely explain the disparities in our sustainable development. This has a negative impact on economic diversification, the competitiveness of the productive fabric and the environment.

Responding to the will expressed many times by the Academic Community of our Faculty, IECOS has decided to start the publication of its journal with the determination that it will be a prolonged effort in time, that it will not be reduced to this first publication and that it will be improved in form and content.

This second issue of the Journal of the Institute of Economic and Social Research (IECOS-FIECS-UNI), expresses mainly our vocation to favor co-nditions for the development of research. We are well aware that there is no more important element in academic activity than research, to the point that it can even be qualified as the very essence of university life, since the creation of knowledge is a decisive factor for its transmission at the highest level, as befits a center of higher education. In any case, the teaching of classes runs the risk of becoming mere repetition when it is not based on the creative attitude of the teacher and his participation in the solution of the country's problems.