Tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) is an emblematic legume tree of Peruvian dry forests and is a multi-purpose tree for tannins and gum, in particular. Despite its importance, the microbiological aspects associated with tara are not currently considered in forest management, and its nodulation status remains contentious. This study sought to confirm or deny C. spinosa’s nodulation status and, using P. sativum as a trap plant, to investigate the effects of C. spinosa on rhizospheric rhizobial communities. The study revealed a lack of tara nitrogenase activity and that C. spinosa is a non-nodulating species. Soil samples were collected from a tara plantation to investigate their effect on tara and pea growth, in a tara planting row (R), between 2 rows (IR), and outside the plantation (OP). For the total biomass growth parameter, soil R significantly promoted tara and pea growth. For root length ...