The commercial operations of the modern world are complex and often present a series of equally sophisticated disputes. The old contractual models and their remedies are not sufficient to cover the current dynamics, this is the case of related operations that require efficient tools for their solution.In this context, the author develops a series of techniques or mechanisms for the efficient and effective solution of the identified problems, consolidation and suspension. It proposes that these mechanisms respond to the contractual mechanics of the current trade, which involves a series of intricate and related relationships, grouping in a single process the solution of the controversy.Likewise, the advantages and elements required by these mechanisms to operate will be analyzed.

The commercial operations of the modern world are complex and often present a series of equally sophisticated disputes. The old contractual models and their remedies are not sufficient to cover the current dynamics, this is the case of related operations that require efficient tools for their solution.In this context, the author develops a series of techniques or mechanisms for the efficient and effective solution of the identified problems, consolidation and suspension. It proposes that these mechanisms respond to the contractual mechanics of the current trade, which involves a series of intricate and related relationships, grouping in a single process the solution of the controversy.Likewise, the advantages and elements required by these mechanisms to operate will be analyzed.

International Investment Law nowadays is characterized by fragmentation. This is mainly due to the different protection standards that States grant to foreign investors, as well as arbitration decisions in this regard. Although each protection standard must be analyzed in each specific case, international doctrine and Tribunals have recognized the existence of certain classic protection standards such as the Most-Favored-Nation Clauses or the so-called Umbrella Clauses. In this article, the authors seek to analyze the way in which these two protection standards usually operate and the possibility of invoking the benefits of the Umbrella Clause through the application of the Most-Favored-Nation Clause, according to what has been resolved by the international jurisprudence on the matter.

International Investment Law nowadays is characterized by fragmentation. This is mainly due to the different protection standards that States grant to foreign investors, as well as arbitration decisions in this regard. Although each protection standard must be analyzed in each specific case, international doctrine and Tribunals have recognized the existence of certain classic protection standards such as the Most-Favored-Nation Clauses or the so-called Umbrella Clauses. In this article, the authors seek to analyze the way in which these two protection standards usually operate and the possibility of invoking the benefits of the Umbrella Clause through the application of the Most-Favored-Nation Clause, according to what has been resolved by the international jurisprudence on the matter.

En este artículo se describen los principales cambios suscitados en el arbitraje internacional a raíz de la pandemia originada por el Covid-19. De esta manera, ambos autores analizan tanto las Reglas IBA 2020 sobre Práctica de Prueba como el Reglamento Arbitral ICC de 2021. Entre ellos destacan las materias de audiencias virtuales, ciberseguridad, el deber de revelar la identidad del tercero financiador y la incorporación de partes adicionales a un arbitraje en curso.

The commercial operations of the modern world are complex and often present a series of equally sophisticated disputes. The old contractual models and their remedies are not sufficient to cover the current dynamics, this is the case of related operations that require efficient tools for their solution.In this context, the author develops a series of techniques or mechanisms for the efficient and effective solution of the identified problems, consolidation and suspension. It proposes that these mechanisms respond to the contractual mechanics of the current trade, which involves a series of intricate and related relationships, grouping in a single process the solution of the controversy.Likewise, the advantages and elements required by these mechanisms to operate will be analyzed.

International Investment Law nowadays is characterized by fragmentation. This is mainly due to the different protection standards that States grant to foreign investors, as well as arbitration decisions in this regard. Although each protection standard must be analyzed in each specific case, international doctrine and Tribunals have recognized the existence of certain classic protection standards such as the Most-Favored-Nation Clauses or the so-called Umbrella Clauses. In this article, the authors seek to analyze the way in which these two protection standards usually operate and the possibility of invoking the benefits of the Umbrella Clause through the application of the Most-Favored-Nation Clause, according to what has been resolved by the international jurisprudence on the matter.