The objective of the study was to identify the stinging larvae of the Order Lepidoptera, found in backyard crops in Volcán, Chiriquí Province, Panama (8°46’ N 82°38’ W, 1378 m a. s. l.). For this, five random trips were carried out, checking the soil, wild vegetation, fruit crops and ornamental plants. The larvae were photographed and identified with the support of specialized literature. According to the results, four species of Lepidoptera stinging larvae were identified, corresponding to Acharia stimulea (Clemens, 1860) (Limacodidae) in heliconias, Phobetron hipparchia (Cramer, 1777) (Limacodidae) in mango and loquat, Megalopyge opercularis (Smith, 1797) (Megalopygidae) on hibiscus and Automeris metzli (Salle, 1853) (Saturniidae) on the soil. These results are close to what was found in a research previously carried out on horticultural crops in Cerro Punta; where the families...

Objective. To determine the perception of entomophagy as a healthy foodalternative in Panama. Methods. A non-probabilistic sampling was carriedout, targeting 100 people between 18 and 65 years of age, with an educational level of secondary school or higher, a 1:1 ratio of men and women, residents of urban and peri-urban areas, 44% of whom were public servants. An electronic form was shared with them with the following questions: what insects do youknow that are edible, what benefts do you know about the consumption ofinsects, have you ever eaten insects, would you include insects in your diet,why yes or no would you include them? The data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel and PSPP programs. Results. Fifty-eight percent of respondents were aware that crickets and grasshoppers are edible; 45% recognized protein and other nutrients as healthy benefts of eating insects, but a similar percen...

The objective of the study was to identify the stinging larvae of the Order Lepidoptera, found in backyard crops in Volcán, Chiriquí Province, Panama (8°46’ N 82°38’ W, 1378 m a. s. l.). For this, five random trips were carried out, checking the soil, wild vegetation, fruit crops and ornamental plants. The larvae were photographed and identified with the support of specialized literature. According to the results, four species of Lepidoptera stinging larvae were identified, corresponding to Acharia stimulea (Clemens, 1860) (Limacodidae) in heliconias, Phobetron hipparchia (Cramer, 1777) (Limacodidae) in mango and loquat, Megalopyge opercularis (Smith, 1797) (Megalopygidae) on hibiscus and Automeris metzli (Salle, 1853) (Saturniidae) on the soil. These results are close to what was found in a research previously carried out on horticultural crops in Cerro Punta; where the families...

Spiders are important arthropods in agroecosystems, as they serve as indicators of environmental quality, in addition to the role that they can play as biological control agents of some pest species in crops. On the other hand, shrub species such as Salvia rosmarinus (L.), commonly known as rosemary, are often used as live fences, being near to important crops such as onion, potato, lettuce, among others. Cerro Punta is the main producing area of ​​these products in the country. The objective of this study was to know the community of spiders associated with rosemary in Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panama. For this, random samplings were carried out in rosemary plants, located in different sites of Cerro Punta. The spiders were observed, photographed, collected and identified, with the support of specialized literature. According to the results, 57% of the spiders corresponded to the spec...

String musical instruments or chordophones are present in various artistic and cultural expressions around the world. The electric guitar, popularized by the so-called guitar heroes, has had a rise and development in the manufacturing industry, which demands considerable amounts of wood; being alder, maple, mahogany, basswood and rosewood, the most commonly used. On the other hand, in Panama there are artisans, called luthiers, who have skills and abilities to make instruments of excellent quality; being feasible the use of local wood, as an alternative for this purpose. The objective of this work was to know the suitable native woods from Panama for chordophones manufacturing, as a sustainable alternative. For this, savannah oak (Tabebuia rosea) and purpleheart (Peltogyne purpurea), were chosen to make the body of a semi-hollow electric guitar; While, to make a solid-body electric guita...

Spiders are important arthropods in agroecosystems, as they serve as indicators of environmental quality, in addition to the role that they can play as biological control agents of some pest species in crops. On the other hand, shrub species such as Salvia rosmarinus (L.), commonly known as rosemary, are often used as live fences, being near to important crops such as onion, potato, lettuce, among others. Cerro Punta is the main producing area of ​​these products in the country. The objective of this study was to know the community of spiders associated with rosemary in Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panama. For this, random samplings were carried out in rosemary plants, located in different sites of Cerro Punta. The spiders were observed, photographed, collected and identified, with the support of specialized literature. According to the results, 57% of the spiders corresponded to the spec...

String musical instruments or chordophones are present in various artistic and cultural expressions around the world. The electric guitar, popularized by the so-called guitar heroes, has had a rise and development in the manufacturing industry, which demands considerable amounts of wood; being alder, maple, mahogany, basswood and rosewood, the most commonly used. On the other hand, in Panama there are artisans, called luthiers, who have skills and abilities to make instruments of excellent quality; being feasible the use of local wood, as an alternative for this purpose. The objective of this work was to know the suitable native woods from Panama for chordophones manufacturing, as a sustainable alternative. For this, savannah oak (Tabebuia rosea) and purpleheart (Peltogyne purpurea), were chosen to make the body of a semi-hollow electric guitar; While, to make a solid-body electric guita...

The aim of this work was to identify the insects and spiders associated with ornamental plants in David, Chiriquí, Panama. For this, five random samplings were carried out in four locations, selecting 35 plant species and collecting the specimens manually. The identification of insects and spiders was made by consulting specialized documentation and photographs were taken. According to the results, the predominant species of spiders in ornamentals were Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775) (Araneae: Araneidae) and Leucauge venusta (Walckenaer, 1841) (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Phytophagous insects were represented by the order Phasmatodea and Oiketicus kirbyi Guilding, 1827 (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) feeding on palm leaves (Arecaceae); three species of grasshoppers associated with Toro grass, from which Taeniopoda varipennis Rehn, 1905 (Orthoptera: Romaleidae) stood out; Scarabaeidae and Chr...

The aim of this study was to determine whether the morphometrics, which is the study of variation and change in structure of an organism both in shape and size, allows an adequate species identification of the tribe Xyleborini, mainly the genus Xyleborus. The species chosen for this analysis were Xyleborus ferrubineus, X. volvulus, X. affinis, X. scheldi, Xylosandrus morigerus (= Xyleborus morigerus) and Sampsonius dampfi. The dependent variables were the length of body, pronotum and elytra, width of pronotum and base of elytra, and the proportions of the body length per width of the base of elytra, length per width of pronotum and length per width of elytra. The average values of 10 specimens per species for each variable were included in a multivariate analysis for the construction of a phenogram. After comparing the results obtained with the works of Wood (1982) and Rabaglia (2006), t...

This research presents the species of the genus Argiope Audouin, 1827 (Araneae: Araneidae), found in agricultural and urban areas from Chiriqui, Panama. To do this, since August until November 2020, the locations of David, Alanje, Bugaba, Paso Ancho and Cerro Punta were visited. Random samplings were carried out both in crops and in surrounding vegetation, searching for Argiope specimens, also keeping a photographic record and georeferencing. Arachnids were reviewed in the laboratory for their identification, supported by specialized literature. According to the results, the species Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775), was present in the five locations visited; while Argiope trifasciata (Forskal, 1775) was only found in Paso Ancho, Tierras Altas District. Although the genus may be considered cosmopolitan and widely distributed in America, the predominance of A. argentata suggests that it...

Spiders are important arthropods in agroecosystems, as they serve as indicators of environmental quality, in addition to the role that they can play as biological control agents of some pest species in crops. On the other hand, shrub species such as Salvia rosmarinus (L.), commonly known as rosemary, are often used as live fences, being near to important crops such as onion, potato, lettuce, among others. Cerro Punta is the main producing area of ​​these products in the country. The objective of this study was to know the community of spiders associated with rosemary in Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panama. For this, random samplings were carried out in rosemary plants, located in different sites of Cerro Punta. The spiders were observed, photographed, collected and identified, with the support of specialized literature. According to the results, 57% of the spiders corresponded to the spec...

String musical instruments or chordophones are present in various artistic and cultural expressions around the world. The electric guitar, popularized by the so-called guitar heroes, has had a rise and development in the manufacturing industry, which demands considerable amounts of wood; being alder, maple, mahogany, basswood and rosewood, the most commonly used. On the other hand, in Panama there are artisans, called luthiers, who have skills and abilities to make instruments of excellent quality; being feasible the use of local wood, as an alternative for this purpose. The objective of this work was to know the suitable native woods from Panama for chordophones manufacturing, as a sustainable alternative. For this, savannah oak (Tabebuia rosea) and purpleheart (Peltogyne purpurea), were chosen to make the body of a semi-hollow electric guitar; While, to make a solid-body electric guita...

The aim of this work was to identify the insects and spiders associated with ornamental plants in David, Chiriquí, Panama. For this, five random samplings were carried out in four locations, selecting 35 plant species and collecting the specimens manually. The identification of insects and spiders was made by consulting specialized documentation and photographs were taken. According to the results, the predominant species of spiders in ornamentals were Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775) (Araneae: Araneidae) and Leucauge venusta (Walckenaer, 1841) (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Phytophagous insects were represented by the order Phasmatodea and Oiketicus kirbyi Guilding, 1827 (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) feeding on palm leaves (Arecaceae); three species of grasshoppers associated with Toro grass, from which Taeniopoda varipennis Rehn, 1905 (Orthoptera: Romaleidae) stood out; Scarabaeidae and Chr...

The aim of this study was to determine whether the morphometrics, which is the study of variation and change in structure of an organism both in shape and size, allows an adequate species identification of the tribe Xyleborini, mainly the genus Xyleborus. The species chosen for this analysis were Xyleborus ferrubineus, X. volvulus, X. affinis, X. scheldi, Xylosandrus morigerus (= Xyleborus morigerus) and Sampsonius dampfi. The dependent variables were the length of body, pronotum and elytra, width of pronotum and base of elytra, and the proportions of the body length per width of the base of elytra, length per width of pronotum and length per width of elytra. The average values of 10 specimens per species for each variable were included in a multivariate analysis for the construction of a phenogram. After comparing the results obtained with the works of Wood (1982) and Rabaglia (2006), t...

This research presents the species of the genus Argiope Audouin, 1827 (Araneae: Araneidae), found in agricultural and urban areas from Chiriqui, Panama. To do this, since August until November 2020, the locations of David, Alanje, Bugaba, Paso Ancho and Cerro Punta were visited. Random samplings were carried out both in crops and in surrounding vegetation, searching for Argiope specimens, also keeping a photographic record and georeferencing. Arachnids were reviewed in the laboratory for their identification, supported by specialized literature. According to the results, the species Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775), was present in the five locations visited; while Argiope trifasciata (Forskal, 1775) was only found in Paso Ancho, Tierras Altas District. Although the genus may be considered cosmopolitan and widely distributed in America, the predominance of A. argentata suggests that it...

The aim of the study was to identify the bug species associated with Pithecellobium dulce (Fabales: Fabaceae) in Arraiján, Panamá Oeste, Panama; describing the different development stages of the insect. Periodic observations were made (December 2022 – April 2023), reviewing ornamental plants, surrounding vegetation and photographic records. Bug specimens were collected for identification in the laboratory, consulting specialized literature. According to the results, two species were identified: Pachylis nervosus Dallas, 1852 and Pachylis pharaonis (Herbst, 1784) (Hemiptera: Coreidae), the first is present from Mexico to Colombia and Ecuador; the second is found in Costa Rica, Panama and several South American countries. Pachylis eggs are black and oval, with a flattened operculum and laid in groups of up to 80 eggs; the first instar nymphs have a black head, antennae, thorax and leg...

La investigación: “Responsive Web Design (RWD) de Comercio Electrónico para incrementar las ventas en la Empresa La Base de la ciudad de Trujillo”, cuyo objetivo general es incrementar las ventas mediante un RWD, aportar a la satisfacción de sus clientes y su rentabilidad, con el uso del enfoque sistémico a partir de un análisis de su situación actual, de su contexto en épocas de post pandemia y de recesión económica. Se han puesto las tecnologías de la información y sus herramientas al servicio de la misión de una organización y sus objetivos, como parte de una estrategia de mejora a partir del análisis, interpretadas con sus dimensiones e índices de gestión de forma que pueda mejorar su presencia en el mercado. La población, son aproximadamente 300 clientes más frecuentes, de los cuales se extrajo una muestra de 30 clientes clasificados y justificados por muestreo...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar larvas urticantes de Lepidoptera encontradas en parcelas con cultivos hortícolas en Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panamá y confirmar los posibles síntomas causados por erucismo y lepidopterismo. Se realizaron 16 muestreos aleatorios durante 14 meses y medio, en parcelas con cultivos, vegetación aledaña e infraestructuras. Se tomaron fotografías y se recolectaron muestras para su procesamiento en el laboratorio. Se consultó literatura especializada para la identificación. Se levantó una encuesta a 33 personas afectadas por erucismo o lepidopterismo. De acuerdo con los resultados, las larvas encontradas en los cultivos correspondieron a Leucanella hosmera (Schaus, 1941) (Saturniidae), Halysidota tessellaris (Smith, 1797) (Erebidae), Acharia stimulea (Clemens, 1860) (Limacodidae) y se encontró un espécimen adulto de Megalopyge operculari...

The objective of the work was to evaluate Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki (Bt-K), as an alternative for biological control of potato moths Phthorimaea operculella and Tecia solanivora, in storage in Cerro Punta, Chiriqui, Republic of Panama. For this, five batches of potatoes were selected, subjected to different application dose of the product Dipel 6.4WG (Bt-K). A Random Complete Block Design was used, with five treatments and four repetitions. A regression analysis was also performed, depending on the dose of the product and the percentage of final damage. The batches were stored for 100 days, at controlled temperature and humidity. The treatments consisted of doses of Dipel 6.4WG from 50 g to 90 g, divided into three to five applications. As results, no significant differences were found between the treatments, keeping the damage below the permissible threshold. The regression a...

The objective of the work was to evaluate Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki (Bt-K), as an alternative for biological control of potato moths Phthorimaea operculella and Tecia solanivora, in storage in Cerro Punta, Chiriqui, Republic of Panama. For this, five batches of potatoes were selected, subjected to different application dose of the product Dipel 6.4WG (Bt-K). A Random Complete Block Design was used, with five treatments and four repetitions. A regression analysis was also performed, depending on the dose of the product and the percentage of final damage. The batches were stored for 100 days, at controlled temperature and humidity. The treatments consisted of doses of Dipel 6.4WG from 50 g to 90 g, divided into three to five applications. As results, no significant differences were found between the treatments, keeping the damage below the permissible threshold. The regression a...