Hispanic South America and the Near East are considered peripheral regions in the global scientific system due to the size of their scientific and technological production. However, their higher education systems have shown significant growth over the last few decades. This article compares the evolution of the national higher education systems in research and innovation across all scientific disciplines in both regions. The exercise considers indicators associated with research production, scientific impact, and innovation. The results indicate that, despite their limitations, the Near East countries have increased their scientific output, extended their international collaboration networks, and improved technology transfer from universities to enterprises. In contrast, the scientific and innovation activities of countries in Hispanic South America have stagnated.

Hispanic South America and the Near East are considered peripheral regions in the global scientific system due to the size of their scientific and technological production. However, their higher education systems have shown significant growth over the last few decades. This article compares the evolution of the national higher education systems in research and innovation across all scientific disciplines in both regions. The exercise considers indicators associated with research production, scientific impact, and innovation. The results indicate that, despite their limitations, the Near East countries have increased their scientific output, extended their international collaboration networks, and improved technology transfer from universities to enterprises. In contrast, the scientific and innovation activities of countries in Hispanic South America have stagnated.

Durante los últimos años, ChatGPT ha generado un gran revuelo mediático y público por constituir un chatbot de acceso gratuito basado en un modelo de lenguaje por inteligencia artificial altamente refinado. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las ideologías lingüísticas sobre el mapudungun presentes en los textos generados por el chatbot ChatGPT. El trabajo se sustenta en una perspectiva teórica interdisciplinaria, para la cual se emplea un enfoque metodológico cualitativo basado en dicha propuesta y validado en trabajos anteriores. Los resultados muestran que ChatGPT presenta una ideología pro-bilingüismo, la cual valora positivamente la lengua mapuche y considera viable y deseable la coexistencia de esta con el español en los diversos mercados lingüísticos.

Hispanic South America and the Near East are considered peripheral regions in the global scientific system due to the size of their scientific and technological production. However, their higher education systems have shown significant growth over the last few decades. This article compares the evolution of the national higher education systems in research and innovation across all scientific disciplines in both regions. The exercise considers indicators associated with research production, scientific impact, and innovation. The results indicate that, despite their limitations, the Near East countries have increased their scientific output, extended their international collaboration networks, and improved technology transfer from universities to enterprises. In contrast, the scientific and innovation activities of countries in Hispanic South America have stagnated.