This study adjusts the net national product (NNP) and gross domestic product (GDP) of the Peruvian mining sector by incorporating natural capital depreciation, new discoveries, and environmental degradation during the period 1994–2018. The results suggest that NNP has been overestimated, on average, by 172 % to 210 %, which is attributed to the omission of natural depreciation. When GDP was corrected, the overestimation fluctuated between 64% and 72%. This highlights the importance of including natural capital depreciation, especially in countries whose economies are highly dependent on extractive industries, as is the case of Peru.

High concentrations of particulate matter (PM) represent a risk to human health, one of its greatest sources is the existing vehicle fleet in Metropolitan Lima City (ML). Due to this problem, various regulatory measures have been established to mitigate this high level of contamination. This article aims to estimate the economic cost of air pollution by particulate matter generated by vehicular transport in Metropolitan Lima. This is the starting point for the design and implementation of policy measures in an efficiency context. For this purpose, the factors of the concentration-response function were used in order to estimate the number of cases of mortality and morbidity associated with the concentration of PM. The results show that the cost fluctuated between 0.21% and 0.29% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of LM, a significantly lower fraction in relation to other densely populat...