The interferons (IFN), initially referred to as "soluble mediators that interfere with cell infection by influenza A virus", are families of secreted proteins that regulate innate and acquired immunity after activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRR). The IFN have an impact on the processes of proliferation, differentiation and cell death. The IFN, depending on the molecular characteristics of the gene that encodes it and the target receptors, are divided into three families: type I IFN (IFNα, IFNβ, IFNω, IFNτ, IFNε), type II (IFNγ) and type III (IFNλ1, IFNλ2/3, IFN λ4). In this context, the present article briefly provides important concepts on type I and type III since both share the same signaling cascade; although the mechanism of action of type III IFN, is still little known, these can be used as biological agents compared to type I IFN.

The interferons (IFN), initially referred to as "soluble mediators that interfere with cell infection by influenza A virus", are families of secreted proteins that regulate innate and acquired immunity after activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRR). The IFN have an impact on the processes of proliferation, differentiation and cell death. The IFN, depending on the molecular characteristics of the gene that encodes it and the target receptors, are divided into three families: type I IFN (IFNα, IFNβ, IFNω, IFNτ, IFNε), type II (IFNγ) and type III (IFNλ1, IFNλ2/3, IFN λ4). In this context, the present article briefly provides important concepts on type I and type III since both share the same signaling cascade; although the mechanism of action of type III IFN, is still little known, these can be used as biological agents compared to type I IFN.

Canastra Minas Artisanal Cheese is produced in the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais using raw milk, rennet, and pingo, a natural endogenous starter culture (fermented whey) collected from the previous day’s production. Due to the use of raw milk, the product can carry microorganisms that may cause foodborne diseases (FBD), including Staphylococcus aureus. Genomic characterization of S. aureus is an important tool to assess diversity, virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and the potential for causing food poisoning due to enterotoxin production. This study is aimed at exploring the genomic features of S. aureus strains isolated from Canastra Minas Artisanal Cheeses. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) classified these strains as ST1, ST5, and a new profile ST7849 (assigned to the clonal complex CC97). These strains belonged to four spa types: t008, t127, t359, and t992. We identified antim...