El tema de los derechos humanos se ha vuelto moneda corriente en nuestro lenguaje político y ha penetrado el debate público debido a la importancia que ha adquirido en el derecho internacional público, especialmente para considerar a un estado como miembro decente de la comunidad de naciones, y además se ha potenciado en perú a raíz del proceso de conflicto armado interno, al trabajo de la comisión de la Verdad y la Reconciliación (cVR) y, últimamente, en vistas de cumplirse los diez años del informe final de la cVR. un número considerable de instituciones, entre universidades, onGs. y organismos gubernamentales han asumido un compromiso con los derechos humanos. pero algunas lo han hecho por ser “políticamente correcto”, mostrando que su compromiso es epidérmico, mientras que otras instituciones lo han hecho por convicción. obviamente, esto no supone que todas las inst...

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El presente trabajo busca aclarar la cuestión de la crítica inmanente y la crítica trascendente en la llamada Teoría Crítica. Para ello distingue las diferentes formas de crítica social para poder presentar con claridad lo que la Escuela de Frankfurt denomina “crítica inmanente de la sociedad”, siguiendo las huellas de Hegel y Kant. Seguidamente pasa a presentar las objeciones que Rainer Forst, reinsertando una inspiración kantiana, presenta a la distinción entre crítica inmanente/crítica trascendente.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar de manera sistemática el pensamiento de Immanuel Kant respecto de la religión y evaluar sus proyecciones y aportes para la discusión sobre la religión desarrollada en la filosofía reciente. El pensamiento de Kant sobre el tema es relevante porque el filósofo alemán se presenta como uno de los exponentes más importantes del proceso filosófico y cultural conocido como la Ilustración. Dicha importancia se basa en que Kant establece tres distinciones fundamentales que han sido decisivas en las culturas moderna y contemporánea. La primera es la distinción entre el conocimiento y la religión. La segunda es la distinción entre la moral y la religión. Finalmente, la tercera es la distinción entre la política y la religión.

The present work seeks to clarify the issue of immanent criticism and transcendent criticism in the so-called Critical Theory. To this end, the different forms of social criticism are used to present clearly what the Frankfurt School calls “immanent criticism of society”, following in the footsteps of Hegel and Kant. After that, it presents the observations that Rainer Forst, reinserting a Kantian inspiration, presents a distinction between immanent criticism / transcendent criticism.

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El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar de manera sistemática el pensamiento de Immanuel Kant respecto de la religión y evaluar sus proyecciones y aportes para la discusión sobre la religión desarrollada en la filosofía reciente. El pensamiento de Kant sobre el tema es relevante porque el filósofo alemán se presenta como uno de los exponentes más importantes del proceso filosófico y cultural conocido como la Ilustración. Dicha importancia se basa en que Kant establece tres distinciones fundamentales que han sido decisivas en las culturas moderna y contemporánea. La primera es la distinción entre el conocimiento y la religión. La segunda es la distinción entre la moral y la religión. Finalmente, la tercera es la distinción entre la política y la religión.

This article presents three educational models which are in competence in current societies, to show evaluative criteria of every one. The author indicates that the three models are: a) Aristocratic model, b) Neo Liberal model and c) Democratic model. The Aristocratic model is developed according to aristocratic elites which manage many societies and has a slogan of prívate "Values-based Education". The Neo liberal model is managed by economic elites and has the mission to perpetuate the economic system and made of the learners functional persons to the market. lt is an education far profit which conceives itas a bus ine ss. Finally the Democratic model has the objective to train citizens with reflexive and critica! attitude far what it is important a whole education of the person with scientific and technical aspects and humanities and arts. Evaluative criteria far every model are pres...

Based on the historical fact that universities were created as autonomous institutions, this ¡¡rtide focuses on the relationship between excellence in higher education and university autonomy. At the same time, this article supports that excellence is achieved through the development of the fundamental values inherent to the university institution, such as academic excellence and public values of a constitutional democracy. Then it presents how política! indoctrination, religious fundamentalism, and the power of money are the three forces that seek to disempower universities. Since autonomy is what enables universities to develop their own values, it is necessary to defend them from these three forces.

This work aims to show in what way the shift to the epistemology that has taken place in the philosophy of law, due to the influence that legal positivism has had during the last century and a half, has produced a disconnection between said discipline and political philosophy, creating important consequences, both in the comprehension and the practice of law. The major of these consequences is that law has become a discipline isolated from the rest of the practical disciplines,and the legal practice has been separated from the democratic proceedings and the deliberative. If the legal epistemology accepts the pragmatic shift suggested, in its moment, by Oliver Holmes, it will be possible to reverse this situation and law will be able to connect again with democratic practices.

The author presents the way in which liberal political culture has emerged from radical evil that led to religious wars duringthe Sixteenth and Seventeenth centuries and has become the framework on which the Culture of Human Rights wasinstalled, and then he presents the liberal - pragmatist rationale of that culture. This rationale is based on Richard Rorty'sproposal, which emphasizes the ethical – political aspect of the Human Rights Culture, supplementing it with the legalcontributions of John Rawls. Finally, the author notes a pending task, to achieve its effect, namely the reorganization of theglobal economic system. This task is inspired by Thomas Pogge's proposal.

This paper explores the relationship between women and access to justice from the perspectiveof contemporary political liberalism of John Stuart Mill, Michael Walzr, John Rawls and MarthaNussbaum and Nancy Fraser post-socialist perspective.In this sense, it is distanced so much from the approach of the so-called third wave of feminism,because it rejects its centrality in the identity and in biology-based difference, as it also takes awayfrom the classic liberal approach defining the terms of justice regardless the voices of the subjectsinvolved.

This work reviews the concept of right, pointing out that it is completely autonomous frompolitics and moral. This concept has been formulated by juridical positivism and absorbed byneoconstitutionalism and the theory of juridical argumentation. Opposite to this vision of right,the concept of law introduced is characterized by the reflection and states that the idea that law isnot only connected with politics but also comes out from the politics itself. Consequently, progressmade in the current school of Frankfurt on the reflection about justice, politics and law will be used

The present work search to clarify some central point with regard to the republican tradition such as the place that the justice occupies, the exchange of reasons and the autonomy in it. That is why starts developing a clarification of what is meant by autonomy, the place it occupies in the moral tradition of the West, as well as presenting the dialectic internal to the same concept of autonomy, dialectic nourished by the requirement of exchange of reasons. Once this is done, presents how the concept of autonomy is inserted in the republican tradition submitted by Philip Pettit, and how this should be corrected taking into account the conception of justice developed by Rainer Forst.

Republicanism has become an important tradition in the debate on political and social philosophy, thanks to the work of Philip Pettit and Rainer Forst. The republican ideology of Immanuel Kant can contribute to enrich the debate on the subject. This paper presents the way in which it is possible to interpret Kant’s categorical imperative so that it allows the conception of republicanism that has its starting point in the civil society. In this sense, the text explores the possibility of a practical and consequentialist interpretation of the categorical imperative, which makes it possible to transmit republicanism from the civil society to the State.

This article addresses the question of responsibility in contexts such as pandemics and other diseases or damages not caused by the agents involved, distancing itself from  phenomenological classical approaches. In order to do this, firstly, it undertakes the task of defining the concept of “responsibility” as a moral duty that arises from the relationship between broad duties and strict duties. Secondly, it takes distance from the republican approach which, inspired by the idea of freedom and justice as non-domination, defines responsibility as the duty that an individual has for the harm caused to another person. By going beyond this approach, the concept of responsibility is broadened so it reaches an individual for damages that were not caused by that person but can be avoided or compensated for. This concept also makes it possible for someone to assume responsibility by pro...

The present article talks about educationas an element of justice in womenlives, especially, at higher level since,according to the author, enables themto understand the social, economic andpolitical relations in which they operate.It also, offers the necessary tools to formassociations to strengthen their marketpositions and defend their rights and gainpositions of political representation.

In the following article, the author deepens in the necessity, always presentand always relegated, of the education in our country; that is requiredtaking as a starting point with the purpose to grow in quality levels, principlethat the Peru is from intercultural and multilingual nature, aspects that,according to the author point of view, not always are considered in themoment of making teaching in classroom.

This paper seeks to clarify the concept to Truth used in Caritas in veritate. This matter is approached considering that the theme of the truth has gained a special prominence, thus setting this as one of the biggest innovations of the encyclical letter of Pope Benedict XVI as opposed to the one of Pope Paul VI. Bearing in mind that the concept of Truth has a correlation with that of Reason, both concepts are analyzed in the paper under the light of other texts written by JosephRatzinger, and other opposing conceptions on Truth and Reason. Since these concepts find their  root in Greek philosophy, it is also necessary to address the problem of the Hellenization of the Christian message. Finally, some conclusions are drawn.