Infectious and non-infectious brain granulomas are a constant diagnostic challenge as, from the clinical point of view, present symptoms and signs, auxiliary tests, and images of very similar characteristics, delaying treatment and demanding an accurate histopathological diagnosis. Only recently, based on clinical experience, epidemiology, and new magnetic resonance techniques, the possibility of a non-invasive diagnosis is most likely. The infectious variants are more frequently found in regions of Latin America, Asia, and Africa, even though, due to migrations and globalization, they are also increasingly appearing in the rest of the world. The present work describes the entities that produce granulomas more frequently, and the diagnostic support currently provided by magnetic resonance imag.

One of the forms of the inflammatory-infectious condition of tuberculosis, which is a major public health problem in the countries of Latin America, Asia and Africa with potential worldwide spread, is the parenchymal tumor form in the brain, known as tuberculous granuloma or tuberculoma. This form commonly causes mass effect and perilesional edema, which are often confused with the radiological manifestations of other granulomas and neoplastic masses, especially high-grade ones. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully study it using clinical and epidemiological knowledge, laboratory tests and, above all, magnetic resonance imaging. In this article, we share some imaging observations of proven cases of tuberculous granulomas in the brain, examined in a private MRI diagnostic radiological center. That could help in the diagnosis, thus avoiding the progression of the disease with its known ...