This essay intends to analyse some clues to establish a period regarding the definition of Rural Space in Peru; from the quantitative measurements made since the end of the 30s of the last century, and that will be repeated considering the following national information gathering. In the definition of the rural, a key factor is the population, resident in localities, villages or communities, with less than two thousand inhabitants (according to the definition of the Censuses in Peru), but it should not be the only factor, given that the Rural Space incorporates the processes of social production and reproduction, culture and local customs. It should also be considered, an issue that is more complex to demonstrate, the relationship between the countryside and the city; such relationship is defined by some authors as the "new rurality". Schematically, the essay suggests three moments ...

The article describes the main characteristics of Neoliberalism and its effects on Social Sciences, with references to the key themes of that ideology. It also describes the way it became «common sense» in economic thinking and its effects on State management, public policies and precarious basic education and health services, among others. Thus, for almost three decades, Neoliberalism isolated Social Sciences, especially Sociology, because of a supposed «efficient pragmatism», revealing the individualism, the minimization of the State and the absolute law of the market in the reproduction of society.However, three decades later, and especially in 2020, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, all the fallacies of «Neoliberal Thought» have been demonstrated, creating new conditions for a return of Social Sciences, with the capacity to understand and to analyze the new social proces...

This essay intends to analyse some clues to establish a period regarding the definition of Rural Space in Peru; from the quantitative measurements made since the end of the 30s of the last century, and that will be repeated considering the following national information gathering. In the definition of the rural, a key factor is the population, resident in localities, villages or communities, with less than two thousand inhabitants (according to the definition of the Censuses in Peru), but it should not be the only factor, given that the Rural Space incorporates the processes of social production and reproduction, culture and local customs. It should also be considered, an issue that is more complex to demonstrate, the relationship between the countryside and the city; such relationship is defined by some authors as the "new rurality". Schematically, the essay suggests three moments ...