Pesticides are chemical products used in agriculture to control pests and their extensive use represents a serious threat to health. The objective of the study was to systematically analyze the available evidence on the main damage caused by pesticides in the health of farmers. A systematic review was carried out applying the PRISMA technique. The ScienceDirect, Scielo and PubMed databases were used as search engines. The following search filter was used: that the publication date is between 2014 and 2022, only scientific articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were considered. The search keywords were: “pesticides”, “exposure”, “farmers” and “health”. In the 50 selected scientific articles, it was found that the most prevalent diseases were the following: Parkinson's, motor and neurobehavioral damage, cancer, genetic damage, sleep disturbances, hematological damage,...