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The article analyzes the impact produced by the changes in national trade policies in Arequipa’s manufacturing, commerce, and service sectors at the beginning of the Republic. After the Independence, the economic protectionism was installed during the first decades promoted by the farmers from the north and mining entrepreneurs who were jealous of the competition from English, French, and American products. They preferred to protect the internal market with high tariffs. In the opposite side, the traders and farmers from the south were in favor of the free trade policies to rebuild the old viceroyal market with Bolivia and in order to export wool to Great Britain. The market opening was only achieved from 1836 to 1839 while the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation lasted. Finally, the Peruvian economy opening was gotten in the middle of 1840 in the great guano’s age.

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History's place among scientific and social disciplines has grown enormously in importance in recent years. Proofs of this are the books published and avidly consumed annually by readers; the regularly organized debates and forms; and the fact that anthropologists, sociologists, economists, archeologists and even psychoanalysts are turning to history for answers, from time to time, encroaching on areas. That had previously been considered the exclusive province of historians. But the fact that history had gained such importance does not necessarily mean that this has been accompanied by a new focus in its approaches and subject matter. What's new about Cleo? This question forms the point of departure from which the five essays below lead out. The authors, five young, innovative history graduates from the Universidad Católica del Perú, expound their views, backed up with arguments from ...

En el conjunto de las disciplinas científico-sociales la historia Iza adquirido enorme importancia en el Perú en los últimos años. Prueba de ello son los libros que anualmente se publican y se consumen por ávidos lectores, los foros de debate que periódicamente se organizan; así como el hecho que antropólogos, sociólogos, economistas, arqueólogos e incluso psicoanalistas se han aproximado a la histona en busca de respuestas e invadido, algunas veces, predios que antes se consideraban exclusivos del historiador. Pero el hecho que la historia haya adquirido tal importancia no significa necesariamente que haya estado acompañada de una renovación metodológica y temática. ¿Se ha renovado Clío entre nosotros? Esta interrogante es el punto de partida en la reflexión que guía los cinco ensayos que se publican a continuación. Los autores, jóvenes e innovadores historiadores gr...