Bruxism is defined as a repetitive muscular activity of the jaw, characterized by clenching, or grinding of the teeth due to dragging or thrusting of the jaw. It can manifest itself during sleep or wakefulness. The aim of this review is to establish the most important aspects of bruxism in adults, focusing on its etiology, diagnosis, and its repercussions in adults. The prevalence of sleep bruxism among adults ranges from 22% to 30% and between 1% to 15% for bruxism during wakefulness. Its etiology is associated with two groups of factors: central (psychological and pathophysiological) and peripheral (morphological). In diagnostic methods, it is found as possible (non-instrumental approach or self-report), probable (self-report and clinical examination) or definitive (self-report, clinical examination and polysomnography). The gold standard for the diagnosis of sleep bruxism is polysomno...