This research had as purpose to investigate whether phonological awareness and oral language have relation to the reading decodification. The sample was formed by 30 children from first grade, aged 6 and 7 years old that belows to a school of Ventanilla with a low social economic, who were evaluated with Metalinguistic Abilities Test (MAT) constructed by Gómez, Valero, Buades & Pérez and it was adapted by Panca (2003), the Test Oral Language Assessment (TOL) constructed by Ramos, Cuadrado & Fernández, adapted by Meléndez (2009), the Exploratory Test of Specific Dyslexia (ESDT) constructed by Condemarín (1975) complemented with the procedure elaborated by Berdicewski, Millicic and Orellana. The results show that there exists significant correlation at the level p<0.01 between phonological conscience and reading decodification and oral language and reading decodification. Refering to ...