GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To evaluate mechanical ventilation in premature infants treated with caffeine citrate at the Regional Hospital of Loreto. 2022 MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quantitative, descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional and prospective study will be conducted. The study population will be 100 premature infants who meet the definition of a preterm infant, that is, a live newborn less than 37 weeks, or with more than 22 weeks or 500g. The inclusion criteria will be clinical eventsof complete preterm infants. Clinical data will be taken from the patients and a relationship will be estimated between the dose and duration of caffeine citrate treatment and the total time of invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation at the Regional Hospital of Loreto. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical ventilation is related to the characteristics of the neonate, dose and duration of caffeine citrate in prema...