Objective: To determine the relationship between knowledge and identification of palliative care (PC) needs among medical specialists at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN - National Institute of Child Health) in Breña, Lima, Peru, in July 2023. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, analytical and observational study was conducted. Results: The study included 180 medical specialists, with 34.40 % aged between 30 and 39 years and 51.00 % being women. The majority had a medical specialty (pediatrics), with intensive care medicine being the most frequent subspecialty. Only 12.00 % of the participants had received prior PC training. The average global PC knowledge score was 11.65 ± 2.83. Qualitatively, most participants rated their knowledge as intermediate and demonstrated an adequate level of identification of pediatric palliative care (PPC) needs. The average score in t...