This research analyzes the relationship between mining and oil canon transfers and monetary poverty in the region of Loreto, Peru, from 2007 to 2021. Despite the significant increase in these transfers due to the intensification of extractive activities, Loreto continues to face high levels of poverty. The study uses an econometric approach to examine the effectiveness of canon transfers in reducing monetary poverty, as well as to identify other socioeconomic factors that influence this dynamic. In addition, the possible indirect impact of the economic dependence generated by these transfers and its effect on the productive structure of the region is evaluated. The results point to a complex interaction between canon allocations and poverty indicators, suggesting that, although transfers contribute to development, their management and the implementation of complementary policies are cruc...