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The years between 1822 and 1823 are characterized by political instability and military mistakes by the authorities of independent Peru. This situation was different for the royalist forces in the southern Andes, who even managed to undertake various raids on Lima. Bolívar’s arrival in Peru sought to transform this situation; however, he faced a series of challenges and intrigues. This work analyzes, focusing on epistolary documentation, newspapers, and memoirs, the measures taken by Simón Bolívar in northern Peru with a view to the development of the military campaigns in 1824. It explains and analyzes why Bolívar left Lima for northern Peru, settling in the city of Trujillo. Additionally, the logistical and military situation of the independence and royalist forces in the first months of 1824 is compared. Finally, the internal and external reasons that led to the development of t...

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After the battle of Maipu in 1818, the next step in San Martín’s plan to ensure independence was to head to Peru. For this, a plan was formed that took almost two years to complete: The Liberating Expedition. During this time, from the Peruvian viceroyalty, Viceroy Pezuela, fearful of his arrival, made various defensive measures for Lima and the viceregal coast. This fear generated a collective fear and various questions to the viceroy. This article analyzes, focusing in the Memoria of Pezuela, the viceregal situation from the first rumors of the formation of the Liberating Expedition in 1818 until its arrival in 1820.

The news of the proximity of the Liberating Expedition and the subsequent presence of José de San Martín’s army in the Viceroyalty of Peru generated a series of desertions within the royalist army, both among the high command and among the common troops. We will analyze the measures used by both the viceregal government and the Liberation Army between 1820 and 1822 to solve logistical problems and, especially, to stop desertions. Moreover, the study will be emphasized on the possible reasons why this situation occurred. Likewise, the measures and sanctions taken against these deserters and the effects that this had on the morale of each army will be explained.

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Tras la batalla de Maipú en 1818, el siguiente paso en el plan de San Martín para asegurar la independencia fue dirigirse al Perú. Para esto, se formó un plan que tomó casi dos años en concretarse: la Expedición Liberadora. Durante este tiempo, desde el virreinato peruano, el virrey Pezuela, temeroso de su arribo, organizó diversas medidas defensivas para Lima y la costa. Este temor generó un miedo colectivo y diversos cuestionamientos al virrey. El presente artículo analiza, centrándose en la Memoria de Pezuela, la situación virreinal desde los primeros rumores de la formación de la Expedición Libertadora en 1818 hasta su arribo en 1820.

No presenta resumen

No presenta resumen

The news of the proximity of the Liberating Expedition and the subsequent presence of José de San Martín’s army in the Viceroyalty of Peru generated a series of desertions within the royalist army, both among the high command and among the common troops. We will analyze the measures used by both the viceregal government and the Liberation Army between 1820 and 1822 to solve logistical problems and, especially, to stop desertions. Moreover, the study will be emphasized on the possible reasons why this situation occurred. Likewise, the measures and sanctions taken against these deserters and the effects that this had on the morale of each army will be explained.

The years between 1822 and 1823 are characterized by political instability and military mistakes by the authorities of independent Peru. This situation was different for the royalist forces in the southern Andes, who even managed to undertake various raids on Lima. Bolívar’s arrival in Peru sought to transform this situation; however, he faced a series of challenges and intrigues. This work analyzes, focusing on epistolary documentation, newspapers, and memoirs, the measures taken by Simón Bolívar in northern Peru with a view to the development of the military campaigns in 1824. It explains and analyzes why Bolívar left Lima for northern Peru, settling in the city of Trujillo. Additionally, the logistical and military situation of the independence and royalist forces in the first months of 1824 is compared. Finally, the internal and external reasons that led to the development of t...

No presenta resumen.

No description

After the battle of Maipu in 1818, the next step in San Martín’s plan to ensure independence was to head to Peru. For this, a plan was formed that took almost two years to complete: The Liberating Expedition. During this time, from the Peruvian viceroyalty, Viceroy Pezuela, fearful of his arrival, made various defensive measures for Lima and the viceregal coast. This fear generated a collective fear and various questions to the viceroy. This article analyzes, focusing in the Memoria of Pezuela, the viceregal situation from the first rumors of the formation of the Liberating Expedition in 1818 until its arrival in 1820.

The news of the proximity of the Liberating Expedition and the subsequent presence of José de San Martín’s army in the Viceroyalty of Peru generated a series of desertions within the royalist army, both among the high command and among the common troops. We will analyze the measures used by both the viceregal government and the Liberation Army between 1820 and 1822 to solve logistical problems and, especially, to stop desertions. Moreover, the study will be emphasized on the possible reasons why this situation occurred. Likewise, the measures and sanctions taken against these deserters and the effects that this had on the morale of each army will be explained.

No description

The years between 1822 and 1823 are characterized by political instability and military mistakes by the authorities of independent Peru. This situation was different for the royalist forces in the southern Andes, who even managed to undertake various raids on Lima. Bolívar’s arrival in Peru sought to transform this situation; however, he faced a series of challenges and intrigues. This work analyzes, focusing on epistolary documentation, newspapers, and memoirs, the measures taken by Simón Bolívar in northern Peru with a view to the development of the military campaigns in 1824. It explains and analyzes why Bolívar left Lima for northern Peru, settling in the city of Trujillo. Additionally, the logistical and military situation of the independence and royalist forces in the first months of 1824 is compared. Finally, the internal and external reasons that led to the development of t...

No description