One of the tools used by Afro-descendant peoples in Latin America and the Caribbean in their fight for territorial rights has been resorting to the courts. This article focuses on the specific role played by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in relation to the territorial claims of Afro-descendant peoples. It is an ongoing investigation on the use of justice as a tool in the struggle of Afro-descendant peoples in Latin America and the Caribbean, which is currently in a phase of data systematization (judgments, jurisprudence, related studies) with gradual elements of analysis that should be enriched. Hence, the extensive inclusion of documentation from the Inter-American Court. Initially, we present a panoramic view of the situation of Afro-descendant territories. Then, we provide a general framework of the Inter-American Human Rights System and its history of involvement in cases ...