Introduction: Non-surgical endodontic treatment aims to prevent apical periodontitis, achieved with the disinfection of the root canal system. Additionally, there are pathologies where the toxic content of the canal goes to the periradicular tissues, causing osteolysis or lesions of the bone tissue that are radiographically observed as radiolucent images. When the endodontic treatment is successful, the repair of these lesions occurs over time. Aim: To analyze the periradicular repair process of non-surgical endodontic treatment and the factors that affect it. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was carried out using the search engines PUBMED, Scopus, Google Academic, and Scielo with the words “Non-Surgical Endodontic Treatment,” “Periapical Tissues,” “Biological Repair,” “Apical Repair.” Factors such as incomplete texts, PDF texts, and publication date of the art...