Prevalencia y factores asociados a deficiencia de vitamina B12 en pacientes geriátricos de consultorio externo de un Hospital Nacional, 2023-2024

• Autor: Varela Meza, Diego
• Formato: tesis de grado
• Fecha de Publicación: 2024
• Institución: Universidad Nacional De La Amazonía Peruana
• Repositorio: UNAPIquitos-Institucional
• Lenguaje: español
• OAI Identifier: oai:repositorio.unapiquitos.edu.pe:20.500.12737/10663
• Enlace del recurso: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12737/10663
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: Deficiencia de vitamina B12; Anciano; Prevalencia; Factores sociodemográficos; Factores de riesgo; https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.26

Introduction: Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common condition in the geriatric population, especially in people over 60 years of age. This vitamin is essential for key functions such as red blood cell formation, DNA synthesis and maintenance of the central nervous system. Decreased vitamin B12 absorption in the elderly may be due to a variety of factors, such as gastric atrophy, the use of certain medications, and chronic diseases that affect intestinal absorption. In addition, inadequate dietary habits and certain sociodemographic factors, such as advanced age, educational level, and marital status, also play an important role in the prevalence of this deficiency. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of vitamin b12 deficiency and associated factors in geriatric outpatients of the Essalud III Iquitos Hospital, 2023 2024. Methods: An observational type of study with a cross-sectional and retrospective design will be used. Population: It includes 423 patients over 60 years of age, with a sample of 122 patients. Results: 24.6% of patients had vitamin B12 deficiency. Males had a higher prevalence of deficiency (18%) compared to females (6.6%), with a p-value of 0.015. Family type also shows a significant association, where patients from nuclear families present a higher prevalence of deficiency (p = 0.041). In addition, marital status is significantly associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, being more common in married and widowed (p = 0.043). Other factors, such as type of diet (p = 0.049) and presence of comorbidities (p = 0.046), are also significantly associated with deficiency, highlighting the main risk factors in this geriatric population. Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency in geriatric patients at Hospital Essalud III Iquitos is more frequent in males, people with only one comorbidity, and those with lipid disorders. In addition, differences are observed according to marital status, which underlines the complexity of the factors involved in this condition within this population.