La élite empresarial y la formación de la hegemonía neoliberal del Perú desde una perspectiva gramsciana

• Autor: Macedo, Antonio
• Formato: artículo
• Fecha de Publicación: 2023
• Institución: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
• Repositorio: PUCP-Institucional
• Lenguaje: español
• OAI Identifier: oai:repositorio.pucp.edu.pe:20.500.14657/196332
• Enlace del recurso: https://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/lacolmena/article/view/27723/25783; https://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/196332; https://doi.org/10.18800/lacolmena.202301.010
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: Hegemony; Neoliberalism; Gramscian analysis; Business elite; Peru; Hegemonía; Neoliberalismo; Análisis gramsciano; Élite empresarial; Perú; https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.04.01

The present work focuses on the configuration of actors and the discursive component of the neoliberal paradigm, and analyzes, in particular, from the Gramscian approach of analysis of relations of forces, the role that the business elite group had in the formation of neoliberal hegemony in the nineties. First, it explains what this theoretical approach consists of and, especially, the concepts of political power relations and hegemony. With these categories, it is possible to understand the ideological/discursive and articulating dimensions of neoliberal hegemony in its early years. Secondly, the history of the business elite in the years prior to the 1990s is briefly explained, as well as the context of crisis that allowed the emergence of a neoliberal hegemony. It addresses, on the one hand, the process of articulation of the business elite based on its union unity, and, on the other hand, it points out how the generalized crisis of the previous paradigm, the developmental one, was key to understanding the unity of the large companies. companies and to understand the advance of neoliberal ideas in the discursive field. Third and finally, thanks to contradictions in the literature and certain research gaps, the articulating and discursive aspects of neoliberal hegemony in its beginnings and the dominant role of the business elite in its articulation are explained, according to Gramscian categories. with other groups and in relation to neoliberal ideology