The Unified Era: An understanding journey from observations to the Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei

• Autores: Santos, Leonardo de Lima, Soltau, Samuel Bueno
• Formato: artículo
• Fecha de Publicación: 2024
• Institución: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
• Repositorio: Revistas - Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
• Lenguaje: inglés
• OAI Identifier: oai:revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe:article/27287
• Enlace del recurso: https://revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/fisica/article/view/27287
• Nivel de acceso: acceso abierto
• Materia: Astrophysics; Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei; Black Holes; Astrofísica; Modelo Unificado de Núcleos Galácticos Activos; Agujeros Negros

The Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei (UMAGN) serves as a comprehensive theoretical framework designed to elucidate the myriad observations of AGN, encompassing both quasars and Seyfert galaxies. This model attributes observed variations to distinct orientations of a circumnuclear matter disk around a supermassive black hole (SMBH). The primary factor influencing the observational diversity lies in the alignment of the AGN with the observer's line of sight. We provide an exhaustive overview of observational evidence, empirical and theoretical research, tracing pivotal milestones that have led to a unified perspective. Our exposition encapsulates the scientific journey culminating in the proposal of UMAGN, delving into insights regarding the accretion disk, torus, and relativistic jet. We emphasize key properties of objects within the UMAGN framework. Furthermore, we underscore recent progress in multimessenger research involving electromagnetic waves, gravitational waves, astroparticles, and neutrinos. Noteworthy collaborations, such as the Event Horizon Telescope, LIGO/Virgo, IceCube, Pierre Auger, and KM3Net, have significantly advanced this field. We argue that these collaborative efforts present opportunities to enhance and refine UMAGN, thereby contributing to a profound understanding of AGNs and their implications for the formation and evolution of galaxies. The convergence of observational and theoretical research, coupled with emerging multimessenger techniques, paves the way for substantial strides in comprehending these enigmatic cosmic phenomena.