In a context where digital media increases the proliferation of information, this research addresses media literacy as a possible solution to fake news. This article analyzes the relationship that fourth-year high school students from a school in Lima have with the media they interact with, in order to evaluate the degree of development of their media literacy. To do this, the CRAAP test was applied, which allows us to know the criteria they take into account when distinguishing a fake news story from a true one based on levels of currency, relevance, authorship, accuracy, and purpose of the text. As a result, the students evaluated false and true information very similarly, leading to the conclusion that they do not possess an adequate level of media literacy. Additionally, some clues are given to interpret the problem.

La desinformación representa una de las amenazas más significativas para la integridad y la confianza en contextos electorales. En países como Brasil, México, Panamá y República Dominicana, así como en elecciones del Parlamento Europeo, la creación de narrativas, la difusión de noticias falsas y el contenido manipulado influyen en la opinión pública y erosionan la confianza en (i) instituciones, como los Tribunales o Juntas Electorales; y (ii) en el sistema de votación, lo que distorsiona la voluntad popular. Estos entornos resultan particularmente vulnerables debido a la polarización política, el uso intensivo de redes sociales y la ausencia de mecanismos efectivos para contrarrestar la desinformación. Por ello es crucial estudiar y enfrentar estos fenómenos de amenazas híbridas contra nuestras democracias para garantizar que las decisiones electorales reflejen la volun...

The Brexit referendum is a good example of the particular vulnerability of the European project when fighting disinformation. Therefore, EU institutions have developed a series of initiatives throughout 2018 to define a European strategy to counter disinformation that emphasizes the responsibility of social networks in reporting false content. In addition, given the weakness of the European public sphere, the European institutions support the creation of European networks of fact checkers. This strategy implies the denunciation of lies, rather than the promotion of alternative interpretive frames, which authors like Lakoff (2004) consider an error from a framing point of view. Empirically, we demonstrate through an analysis of the main networks of actors on this matter (academics, foundations, think tanks, media, social network platforms and fact checkers) that there is a dispute to defi...

This research analyses the opinion articles about the COVID-19 published in the main newspapers of Italy, Spain and Germany. To this purpose, a qualitative inductive-deductive content analysis methodology has been used along two complementary phases. The first included the detailed analysis of the sample, and the second involved a method of comparative textual analysis using the Sketch Engine software. The results show the existence of some common issues about the virus, although with different approaches depending on the country: a certain vision marked by national politics in the Spanish case, an interpretative view in the case of Germany and a more social-humanistic perspective in the Italian dailies. A discourse contrary to generating panic is common in the three countries studied, but with a clear underestimation of the virus’ potential consequences in the first couple of months a...