In a context where digital media increases the proliferation of information, this research addresses media literacy as a possible solution to fake news. This article analyzes the relationship that fourth-year high school students from a school in Lima have with the media they interact with, in order to evaluate the degree of development of their media literacy. To do this, the CRAAP test was applied, which allows us to know the criteria they take into account when distinguishing a fake news story from a true one based on levels of currency, relevance, authorship, accuracy, and purpose of the text. As a result, the students evaluated false and true information very similarly, leading to the conclusion that they do not possess an adequate level of media literacy. Additionally, some clues are given to interpret the problem.

The goal of this article is to analyze the degree of maturity in the digital transformation of the public relations and communication departments of the companies with the highest turnover that belong to the Spanish Association of Communication Directors-Dircom by applying the model for digital transformation proposed by Westerman, Bonnet and McAfee (2012), based on the vectors of leadership and digital capacity. For this purpose, a questionnaire was sent to those responsible for communication of this type of companies. Our results identify that 73.6% of the communication departments are at an advanced stage of this transformation, conditioning cultural changes to corporate governance, the demand for new profiles, the reorganization of work, and focusing on areas where there is an improvement that maximizes the return of resources invested. 85% of these departments have an integral visio...

The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical approach to the notion of political counter-narrative. Given the novelty of this narrative technique, its causes are first addressed: moral absolutism, affective polarization, informational chaos, uncertainty, and digital tribalism. Then, the counter-narrative is defined as a semantic structure that, regardless of temporality, seeks to destroy the symbolic capital of the adversary. Subsequently, its main features –reactivity, negativity, emotiveness, stereotyping, and permanence– are detailed, as are its functions –linking wills through opposition, drawing clear identity boundaries, being emotionally rewarding, and simplifying reality–. In closing, a review of the main findings is provided, and various lines of research are proposed, such as observing the resonance and application of this technique by citizens and the possibil...