Support for the conference, the special issue and this paper came from the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), the Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO), the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), the Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) program, the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER) program, the European network of excellence EUR-OCEAN, the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France), the Peruvian Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica (CONCYTEC), the French Ministère des Affaires Étrangères (MAE), the French Embassy in Peru, and the Alliance Française of Lima, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, USA), and the David and Lucile Packard ...