The Brazilian Consumer Protection and Defense Act has granted special protection to several categories. In doing so it has in fact recognized the stricto sensu, the bystander, and the collectively protected categories, further  associating prospective protection to all those who may be reached by any number of commerce practices. It has also not waived rights of collective bargaining for consumer demands as fundamental rights. This article seeks to explore whether the current theoretical background that aims to categorize collectives as consumers is enough to deal with the issues within the field. Our hypothesis is that the current background is not sufficient given the need to overcome, through a complex hermeneutic approach, the answers proposed by the dogmatic perspective within consumer studies. Our approach seeks to critically analyze the juridical literature written on the to...

Assuming that the passing of time is reflected in each individual, preventing its stagnation, and that all interpretations must be temporally and spatially contextualized, the contract is studied here according to its changes in the last two centuries, changes that were propelled, at first, by the transition from the Liberal state to the Welfare state and, later on, by its replacement for the Democratic state of Law.

The Brazilian Consumer Protection and Defense Act has granted special protection to several categories. In doing so it has in fact recognized the stricto sensu, the bystander, and the collectively protected categories, further  associating prospective protection to all those who may be reached by any number of commerce practices. It has also not waived rights of collective bargaining for consumer demands as fundamental rights. This article seeks to explore whether the current theoretical background that aims to categorize collectives as consumers is enough to deal with the issues within the field. Our hypothesis is that the current background is not sufficient given the need to overcome, through a complex hermeneutic approach, the answers proposed by the dogmatic perspective within consumer studies. Our approach seeks to critically analyze the juridical literature written on the to...

Assuming that the passing of time is reflected in each individual, preventing its stagnation, and that all interpretations must be temporally and spatially contextualized, the contract is studied here according to its changes in the last two centuries, changes that were propelled, at first, by the transition from the Liberal state to the Welfare state and, later on, by its replacement for the Democratic state of Law.

Assuming that the passing of time is reflected in each individual, preventing its stagnation, and that all interpretations must be temporally and spatially contextualized, the contract is studied here according to its changes in the last two centuries, changes that were propelled, at first, by the transition from the Liberal state to the Welfare state and, later on, by its replacement for the Democratic state of Law.

The Brazilian Consumer Protection and Defense Act has granted special protection to several categories. In doing so it has in fact recognized the stricto sensu, the bystander, and the collectively protected categories, further  associating prospective protection to all those who may be reached by any number of commerce practices. It has also not waived rights of collective bargaining for consumer demands as fundamental rights. This article seeks to explore whether the current theoretical background that aims to categorize collectives as consumers is enough to deal with the issues within the field. Our hypothesis is that the current background is not sufficient given the need to overcome, through a complex hermeneutic approach, the answers proposed by the dogmatic perspective within consumer studies. Our approach seeks to critically analyze the juridical literature written on the to...